everything I found here is either rephrased from an urban planning textbook, wikipedia, or googles define function, I never claimed to be an expert on anything, what I gave here is essentially the most common occuring definition I could find, but many are used interchangeably, how a word is used in vernacular does not change an accepted definition.

• A road has no special qualifiers. It connects point a to point b.
• A street connects buildings together, usually in a city, usually east to west, opposite of avenue.
• An avenue runs north south. Avenues and streets may be used interchangeably for directions, usually has median
• A boulevard is a street with trees down the middle or on both sides
• A lane is a narrow street usually lacking a median.

• A drive is a private, winding road

• A way is a small out of the way road

• a court usually ends in a cul de sac or similar little loop

• a plaza or square is usually a wide open space, but in modern definitons, one of the above probably fits better for a plaza as a road.

• a terrace is a raised flat area around a building. When used for a road it probably better fits one of the above.

• uk, a close is similar to a court, a short road serving a few houses, may have cul de sac

• run is usually located near a stream or other small body of water

• place is similar to a court, or close, usually a short skinny dead end road, with or without cul de sac, sometimes p shaped

• bay is a small road where both ends link to the same connecting road

• crescent is a windy s like shape, or just a crescent shape, for the record, above definition of bay was also given to me for crescent

• a trail is usually in or near a wooded area

• mews is an old british way of saying row of stables, more modernly seperate houses surrounding a courtyard

• a highway is a major public road, usually connecting multiple cities

• a motorway is similar to a highway, with the term more common in New Zealand, the UK, and Austrailia, no stopping, no pedestrian or animal traffic allowed

• an interstate is a highway system connecting usually connecting multiple states, although some exist with no connections

• a turnpike is part of a highway, and usully has a toll, often located close to a city or commercial are

• a freeway is part of a highway with 2 or more lanes on each side, no tolls, sometimes termedexpressway, no intersections or cross streets.

• a parkway is a major public road, usually decorated, sometimes part of a highway, has traffic lights.

• a causeway combines roads and bridges, usually to cross a body of water

• circuit and speedway are used interchangeably, usually refers to a racing course, practically probably something above.

• as the name implies, garden is usually a well decorated small road, but probably better fits an above

• a view is usually on a raised area of land, a hill or something similar.

• byway is a minor road, usually a bit out of the way and not following main roads.

• a cove is a narrow road, can be sheltered, usually near a larger body of water or mountains

• a row is a street with a continuous line of close together houses on one or both sides, usually serving a specific function like a frat

• a beltway is a highway surrounding an urban area

• quay is a concrete platform running along water

• crossing is where two roads meet

• alley a narrow path or road between buildings, sometimes connects streets, not always driveable

• point usually dead ends at a hill

• pike usually a toll road

• esplanade long open, level area, usually a walking path near the ocean

• square open area where multiple streets meet, guess how its usually shaped.

• landing usually near a dock or port, historically where boats drop goods.

• walk historically a walking path or sidewalk, probably became a road later in its history

• grove thickly sheltered by trees

• copse a small grove

• driveway almost always private, short, leading to a single residence or a few related ones

• laneway uncommon, usually down a country road, itself a public road leading to multiple private driveways.

• trace beaten path

• circle usually circles around an area, but sometimes is like a "square", an open place intersected by multiple roads.

• channel usually near a water channel, the water itself connecting two larger bodies of water,

• grange historically would have been a farmhouse or collection of houses on a farm, the road probably runs through what used to be a farm

• park originally meaning an enclosed space, came to refer to an enclosed area of nature in a city, usually a well decorated road.

• mill probably near an old flour mill or other mill.

• spur similar to a byway, a smaller road branching off from a major road.

• bypass passes around a populated area to divert traffic

• roundabout or traffic circle circle around a traffic island with multiple connecting routes, a roundabout is usually smaller, with less room for crossing and passing, and safer

• wynd a narrow lane between houses, similar to an alley, more common in UK

• drive shortened form of driveway, not a driveway itself, usually in a neighborhood, connects several houses

• parade wider than average road historically used as a parade ground.

• terrace more common in uk, a row of houses.

• chase on land historically used as private hunting grounds.

• branch divides a road or area into multiple subdivisions.

Wow that is amazingly detailed and specific.