A Ghost of Evolution: The Curious Case of the Avocado, Which Should Be Extinct But Still Exists | Brain Pickings
Geege Schuman stashed this in Botany
In this fascinating short video for PBS, Joe Hanson of It’s Okay To Be Smartexplains the avocado’s curious fate, along with those of its brethren of ecological anachronism
Stashed in: Science!, Awesome, Stories, Best Videos, Sloth!, Plants!, Science Too, @brainpicker, Fruit!, Food, Evolution
But as an avid aficionado of the avocado, I was especially taken with its particular story: Since fruits propagate by seeds, their progeny doesn’t grow far from the tree, as the proverb goes; their only chance of spreading their seeds across the land, then, are the animals who eat the fruit, along with its seeds, then “plant” those elsewhere when they poop. The avocado’s abnormally giant seed presents anything from a severe digestive hazard to a death sentence for contemporary earthly species but, apparently, avocados coevolved with ground sloths and were originally eaten by gomphothere — elephant-like creatures that lived during the Miocene and Pliocene, between 12 million and 1.6 million years ago, who happily reaped the fruit with their hefty trunks, crunched them with their massive teeth, and passed the seeds comfortably through their oversized digestive tract.
The problem, of course, is that gomphothere no longer roam the Earth — and yet avocados still exist. Barlow writes:
Avocado’s strategy for propagation made a great deal of sense throughout the long life of its lineage — until the present moment. Even after thirteen thousand years, avocado is clueless that the great mammals are gone. For the avocado, gomphothere and ground sloths are still real possibilities. Pulp thieves like us reap the benefits. Homo Sapiens will continue to mold the traits of the few species of genus Persea it prefers. Ultimately, however, wild breeds will devolve less grandiose fruits, or else follow their animal partners into extinction.
THAT is a great story.
It's a miracle that avocados survived. Just like it's a miracle there are still giant pandas.
4:52 PM Apr 05 2014